Setting Clearing and Copying bits of data ========================================= AND xx will clear the bits in A that are also clear in xx, for example: A xx after AND xx %abcdefgh %01010101 %0b0d0f0h ORA xx will set the bits in A that are also set in xx, for example: A xx after ORA xx %abcdefgh %01010101 %a1c1e1g1 EOR xx will toggle the bits in A that are set in xx, for example: A xx after EOR xx %abcdefgh %01010101 %aBcDeFgH To clear the bits in A that are ''set'' in xx, use both ORA and EOR, for example: A xx after OR xx after EOR xx %abcdefgh %01010101 %a1c1e1g1 %a0c0e0g0 You can copy a number of bits to a memory location without changing the other bits using EOR and AND. For example, to copy the top four bits of A into a memory location without changing the bottom four bits, use the following: A=12345678 dst=abcdefgh EOR dst ******** abcdefgh AND #&F0 ****0000 abcdefgh EOR dst 1234efgh abcdefgh STA dst 1234efgh 1234efgh This is much more efficient than the usual code: PHA LDA dst:AND #&0F:STA dst PLA AND #&F0:ORA dst:STA dst